Osteoporosis

Criteria and Outcome measures

Assessment of Health Related Quality of Life in Osteoporosis (ECOS-16)
Questionnaire about health-related quality of life in osteoporosis patients.
Badia X, Prieto L, Roset M, Díez-Pérez A, Herdman M. Development of a short osteoporosis quality of life questionnaire by equating items from two existing instruments. J Clin Epidemiol 2002;55:32-40.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11781120

Osteoporosis Assessment Questionnaire (OPAQ)
Questionnaire about health-related quality of life in osteoporosis patients.
Randell AG, Bhalerao N, Nguyen TV, Sambrook PN, Eisman JA, Silverman SL. Quality of life in osteoporosis: reliability, consistency, and validity of the Osteoporosis Assessment Questionnaire. J Rheumatol. 1998;25:1171-9.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9632082

Male (Osteoporosis Assessment Questionnaire)  OPAQ
Questionnaire about health-related quality of life in males with osteoporosis.
Solimeo SL, Silverman SL, Calderon AD, Nguyen A, Gold DT. Measuring health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in osteoporotic males using the Male OPAQ. Osteoporos Int 2012;23:841-52.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21528362

Osteoporosis Functional Disability Questionnaire (OFDQ)
Questionnaire to evaluate disability in osteoporotic patients with vertebral compression fractures.
Helmes E, Hodsman A, Lazowski D, Bhardwaj A, Crilly R, Nichol P, Drost D, Vanderburgh L, Pederson L. A questionnaire to evaluate disability in osteoporotic patients with vertebral compression fractures. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1995;50:M91-8.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7874595

Osteoporosis Patient Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (OPSAT-Q)
Questionnaire about of patient satisfaction with bisphosphonate treatment for osteoporosis.
Flood EM, Beusterien KM, Green H, Shikiar R, Baran RW, Amonkar MM, Cella D.
Psychometric evaluation of the Osteoporosis Patient Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (OPSAT-Q), a novel measure to assess satisfaction with bisphosphonate treatment in postmenopausal women. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2006;4:42.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16834773

Osteoporosis Questionnaire (OPQ)
Questionnaire to assess patient’s knowledge about osteoporosis.
Pande KC, de Takats D, Kanis JA, Edwards V, Slade P, McCloskey EV.
Development of a questionnaire (OPQ) to assess patient's knowledge about osteoporosis. Maturitas 2000;37:75-81.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11137326

Quality of Life by the European Foundation for Osteoporosis (QUALEFFO 41)
Questionnaire about health-related quality of life in osteoporosis patients.
Marquis P, Cialdella P, De la Loge C. Development and validation of a specific quality of life module in post-menopausal women with osteoporosis: the QUALIOST. Qual Life Res 2001;10:555-66.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11789555

Osteoporosis-Targeted Quality of Life (OPTQL)
Questionnaire about health-related quality of life in osteoporosis patients.
Lydick E, Zimmerman SI, Yawn B, Love B, Kleerekoper M, Ross P, Martin A, Holmes R.
Development and validation of a discriminative quality of life questionnaire for osteoporosis (the OPTQoL). J Bone Miner Res 1997;12:456-63.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9076589

Interpreting a DXA Scan in Clinical Practice
WHO report about osteoporosis screening, assessment of bone mass and interpretation of DXA values, clinical assessment of risk.
Kanis JA. Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis: synopsis of a WHO report. WHO Study Group. Osteoporos Int 1994;4:368-81.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7696835  

For more information about outcome measures:
The EULAR outcome measures library.
A website that aims to be a comprehensive database of validated patient-reported instruments (indices, questionnaires, scales, or others) used in rheumatology, including osteoporosis.
http://oml.eular.org/index.cfm   

Recommendations and Guidelines

EULAR/EFORT recommendations for management of patients older than 50 years with a fragility fracture and prevention of subsequent fractures.
Ann Rheum Dis 2017;76:802-810.
http://ard.bmj.com/content/76/5/802.long

European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
Osteoporosis International 2013:24(1):23-57.
http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs00198-012-2074-y.pdf

Disease Scores and Online Calculators

Fracture Risk Assessment, FRAX Tool - The University of Sheffield
FRAX is a diagnostic tool used to evaluate the 10-year probability of bone fracture risk. It was developed by the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases at Sheffield University.
https://www.shef.ac.uk/FRAX/tool.jsp

Imaging Tools

Interpreting a DXA Scan in Clinical Practice
WHO report about osteoporosis screening, assessment of bone mass and interpretation of DXA values, clinical assessment of risk.
Kanis JA. Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis: synopsis of a WHO report. WHO Study Group. Osteoporos Int 1994;4:368-81.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7696835    

Vertebral fracture assessment (VFA)
Vertebral Fracture Assessment (VFA) is a low radiation method for imaging the thoraco-lumbar spine using bone densitometers and can easily be performed at the time of bone mineral density (BMD) measurement.
Vokes T, Bachman D, Baim S, Binkley N, Broy S, Ferrar L, Lewiecki EM, Richmond B, Schousboe J. Vertebral fracture assessment: the 2005 ISCD Official Positions. J Clin Densitom. 2006;9:37–46.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16731430

Genant score
The most widely used grading scale for vertebral fractures is the visual semi-quantitative assessment method described by Genant.
Genant HK, Wu CY, van Kuijk C, Nevitt MC. Vertebral fracture assessment using a semiquantitative technique. J Bone Miner Res. 1993;8:1137–48. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8237484

Miscellaneous

Review that describes how to screen and diagnose secondary osteoporosis and other metabolic bone diseases (SECOB)
Secondary osteoporosis and metabolic bone disease in patients 50 years and older with osteoporosis or with a recent clinical fracture: a clinical perspective. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2014 Jul;26:430-9.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24841229

ASBMR, The American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR) is a professional, scientific and medical society established to bring together clinical and experimental scientists who are involved in the study of bone and mineral metabolism.
http://www.asbmr.org/Default.aspx

Patient Organisations

OsteoLink is the first online and in-person global social network for people with osteoporosis.
http://www.osteolink.org/

The National Osteoporosis Society (UK)
https://nos.org.uk/

The National Osteoporosis Foundation (USA)
https://www.nof.org/